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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 26, 2008, 28(48):12736-12747; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3649-08.2008

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Ceruloplasmin Protects Injured Spinal Cord from Iron-Mediated Oxidative Damage

Khizr I. Rathore,¹ Bradley J. Kerr,¹ Adriana Redensek,¹ Rubèn López-Vales,¹ Suh Young Jeong,¹ Prem Ponka,² and Samuel David¹

¹Center for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4, and ²Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Samuel David, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4. Email: sam.david{at}mcgill.ca

CNS injury-induced hemorrhage and tissue damage leads to excess iron, which can cause secondary degeneration. The mechanisms that handle this excess iron are not fully understood. We report that spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) in mice induces an "iron homeostatic response" that partially limits iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. We show that ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase that oxidizes toxic ferrous iron, is important for this process. SCI in Cp-deficient mice demonstrates that Cp detoxifies and mobilizes iron and reduces secondary tissue degeneration and functional loss. Our results provide new insights into how astrocytes and macrophages handle iron after SCI. Importantly, we show that iron chelator treatment has a delayed effect in improving locomotor recovery between 3 and 6 weeks after SCI. These data reveal important aspects of the molecular control of CNS iron homeostasis after SCI and suggest that iron chelator therapy may improve functional recovery after CNS trauma and hemorrhagic stroke.

Key words: CNS injury; hemorrhage; macrophage; free radicals; iron chelation; inflammation

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Received Aug. 1, 2008; accepted Oct. 6, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Samuel David, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4. Email: sam.david{at}mcgill.ca

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